Horizontal Row In The Periodic Table, The periodic table is one of the most important tools in chemistry. It is a tabular arrangement of, General, horizontal-row-in-the-periodic-table, Timnesia
The periodic table is one of the most important tools in chemistry. It is a tabular arrangement of all the elements according to their atomic number, electron configuration, and chemical properties. The horizontal row in the periodic table is also known as a period. Each period begins with the alkali metal and ends with the noble gas. The horizontal row in the periodic table holds significant information about the elements that are placed in it.
The first period of the periodic table contains only two elements, hydrogen and helium. These two elements have the simplest atomic structure and are the lightest elements in the periodic table. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, while helium is used in balloons and as a coolant in nuclear reactors.
The second period of the periodic table contains the elements lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and neon. These elements are known as the representative elements because they have a wide range of chemical and physical properties. Lithium is used in batteries, while carbon is the basis of all organic compounds.
The third period of the periodic table contains the elements sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, and argon. These elements are known as the metallic elements because they have metallic properties. Sodium is used in table salt, while aluminum is used in cans and foil.
The fourth period of the periodic table contains the elements potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, bromine, krypton. These elements are known as transition metals because they have partially filled d orbitals. Iron is used in construction, while copper is used in electrical wires.
The fifth period of the periodic table contains the elements rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tellurium, iodine, and xenon. These elements are known as the inner transition metals because they have partially filled f orbitals. Xenon is used in lamps, while silver is used in jewelry.
The sixth period of the periodic table contains the elements cesium, barium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, thallium, lead, bismuth, polonium, astatine, radon. These elements are known as the actinides because they have partially filled f orbitals. Gold is used in jewelry, while mercury is used in thermometers.
The seventh period of the periodic table contains the elements francium, radium, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, copernicium, nihonium, flerovium, moscovium, livermorium, tennessine, and oganesson. These elements are known as the lanthanides because they have partially filled f orbitals. Uranium is used in nuclear reactors, while plutonium is used in nuclear bombs.
In conclusion, the horizontal rows in the periodic table hold significant information about the elements that are placed in them. Each period has a unique set of properties that make them important in various applications. Understanding the periodic table is essential for any student of chemistry, as it provides a foundation for understanding the behavior of matter and chemical reactions.